Uma medida de satisfação com o relacionamento amoroso / A measure of satisfaction in the romantic relationship / Una escala de satisfacción en la pareja

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo adaptar para o contexto brasileiro a Escala do Nível de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Amoroso (ENSRA, Rusbult, Martz, & Agnew, 1998). No primeiro estudo (N = 269), buscaram-se evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura unifatorial do instrumento e analisaram-se as propriedades dos itens de acordo com a Teoria de Resposta ao Item. No segundo estudo (N = 1.498), propôs-se uma versão revisada da escala (ENSRA-R), incluindo-se novos itens com parâmetros mais elevados de dificuldade. Análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial também para ENSRA-R. Conforme esperado teoricamente, ENSRA e ENSRA-R correlacionaram-se positivamente com outra medida de satisfação com o relacionamento e com amor romântico, e negativamente com intenção de terminar o relacionamento. Ambas as versões do instrumento apresentam satisfatórias evidências de validade e adequados índices de precisão, contudo, a ENSRA-R mostrou-se mais informativa, cobrindo uma maior porção do traço latente, comparada à ENSRA. (AU)

This study aimed to adapt the Investment Model of Commitment Processes Scale (Escala do Nível de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Amoroso - ENSRA - Rusbult, Martz, & Agnew, 1988) to the Brazilian context. In the first study (N = 269), we sought evidence of validity based on the unifactorial structure of the instrument and analyzed the properties of the items according to the item response theory. In the second study (N = 1498), a revised version of the scale (ENSRA-R) was proposed, including new items with higher difficulty parameters. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a single-factor structure for both the ENSRA and ENSRA-R. As theoretically expected the ENSRA and ENSRA-R correlated positively with another instrument that assesses relationship satisfaction and with romantic love, and negatively with the intention to break-up. Both versions of the instrument provide satisfactory evidence of validity and adequate accuracy, however, the ENSRA-R was more informative, covering a larger portion of the latent trait compared to the ENSRA. (AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo adaptar la Escala de Satisfacción en la Pareja (ENSRA, Rusbult, Martz, & Agnew, 1988) al contexto brasileño. En el primer estudio (N = 269), se buscaron evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura unifactorial del instrumento y, de acuerdo con la teoría de respuesta al ítem, se analizaron las propiedades de los ítems. En el segundo estudio (N = 1498) fue propuesta una versión revisada de la escala (ENSRA-R), que incluye nuevos ítems con parámetros de dificultad más estrictos. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios también indicaron la estructura de un factor para la ENSRA-R. Como resultado esperado, ENSRA y ENSRA-R se correlacionaron positivamente con otra medida de satisfacción con la relación y con el amor romántico; y negativamente con la intención de terminar la relación. Ambas versiones del instrumento presentan evidencias de validez satisfactorias e índices de precisión adecuados. Sin embargo, la ENSRA-R se demostró más informativa, cubriendo el rasgo latente en mayor medida, en comparación con la ENSRA. (AU)

Partner Phubbing, Satisfação e Bem-Estar Subjetivo: O Impacto da Tecnologia Digital nos Relacionamentos / Partner Phubbing, Satisfacción y Bienestar Subjetivo: El Impacto de la Tecnologia Digital en las Relaciones Amorosas / Partner phubbing, satisfaction, and subjective well-being: The impact of digital technology on romantic relationships

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a influência do Partner Phubbing (Pphubbing) no Bem-Estar subjetivo (BES) e na satisfação com o relacionamento. Método: Participaram 217 pessoas com média de idade de 25 anos (min. 18, máx. 53 e dp=5,98), sendo 62,2 % do sexo feminino. Estes responderam às escalas de Partner phubbing (Pphubbing), afetos positivos e negativos, satisfação com a vida, satisfação com o relacionamento e questionário sociodemográfico. Os dados foram analisados através do SPSS (v.22). Resultados: Foi encontrado uma correlação negativa entre Pphubbing e afetos positivos (r= -0,32; p<0,01), satisfação com a vida (r= -0,13; p<0,01) e satisfação com o relacionamento (r= -0,38 p<0,01), como também apresentou uma correlação positiva entre Pphubbing e afetos negativos (r=0,33; p<0,01). Através da regressão, o Pphubbing mostrou influência na satisfação com o relacionamento (β= -0,38; p<0,001), afetos positivos (β=-0,32; p<0,001) e afetos negativos (β=0,33; p<0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que os participantes que sofrem mais phubbing de seus parceiros tendem a ter menos satisfação com o relacionamento, assim como menos Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Assim, este é um artigo com resultados inéditos para o Brasil e um dos poucos no mundo a avaliar quantitativamente o phubbing nos relacionamentos amorosos. Desta forma, contribui para o fomento de futuras pesquisas na área e para o embasamento de intervenções e ações de conscientização acerca do uso saudável do Smartphone.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo por objetivo investigar la influencia del Partner Phubbing (Pphubbing) en el bienestar subjetivo y la satisfacción en las relaciones amorosas. Método: En el estudio participaron 217 personas con una media de edad de 25 años (min. 18, máx. 53 y dp = 5,98), siendo el 62,2 % del sexo femenino. Estos respondieron a las escalas de Pphubbing, afectos positivos y negativos, satisfacción con la vida, escala de satisfacción con la relación y cuestionario sociodemográfico. Los datos fueron analizados a través del SPSS (v.22). Resultados: Se encontró una correlación negativa y significativa entre el phubbing y los afectos positivos (r= -0,32, p<0,01), la satisfacción con la vida (r= -0,13; p<0,01) y la satisfacción con la relación (r= -0,38 p<0,01), como también presentó una correlación significativa, positiva y moderada entre el phubbing y los afectos negativos (r=0,33; p<0,01). A través de la regresión, el Pphubbing mostró influencia en la satisfacción con la relación (β=-0,38; p<0,001), afectos positivos (β=-0,32; p<0,001) y afectos negativos (β=0,33; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que los participantes que sufren más phubbing de sus parejas tienden a tener menos satisfacción con la relación, así como menos bienestar subjetivo. Por lo tanto, este es un artículo con resultados inéditos para Brasil y uno de los pocos en el mundo en evaluar cuantitativamente el phubbing en las relaciones amorosas. De esta forma, contribuye al fomento de futuras investigaciones en el área y para el basamento de intervenciones y acciones de concientización acerca del uso saludable del Smartphone.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to research partner phubbing´s influence (phubbing) on subjective well-being and romantic relationships' satisfaction. Method: The study included 217 participants with a mean age of 25 years (minimum age = 18, maximum age 53, and dp = 5.98), 62,2 % being female. They responded to the phubbing scales, positive and negative effects, life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction scale, and sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software (v.22). Results: A significant and negative correlation was found between phubbing and positive effects (r = −0.32, p < 0.01), life satisfaction (r = −0.13, p < 0.01), and relationship satisfaction (r = −0.38, p < 0.01), as it also presented a significant, positive, and moderate correlation between phubbing and negative effects (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). Through the regression, phubbing showed an influence on the relationship satisfaction (β = −0.38, p < 0.001), positive effects (β = −0.32, p < 0.001), and negative effects (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that those who experience more phubbing from their partners tend to be less satisfied with their relationship, as well as have less subjective well-being. Therefore, this article offers unprecedented results for Brazil, one of the few in the world to quantitatively evaluate phubbing in romantic relationships. In this way, it contributes to encouraging future research in the area and provides a basis for interventions and awareness actions regarding the healthy use of smartphone.

Inteligencia emocional como predictora de la satisfacción con la relación, entre jóvenes víctimas y no víctimas de violencia en el noviazgo / Emotional intelligence as a predictor of relationship satisfaction between young victims and non-victims of dating violence

La satisfacción en la relación de noviazgo puede verse afectada por situaciones de violencia que sufren tanto mujeres como hombres. El presente estudio transversal evaluó la asociación y la capacidad predictiva de los cocientes de inteligencia emocional sobre la satisfacción con la relación entre jóvenes universitarios con y sin violencia en su noviazgo. Participaron 224 mujeres y 96 hombres (160 con violencia en el noviazgo y 160 sin violencia), los cuales respondieron la Escala de Valoración de la Relación (RAS), el Inventario de Componente Emocional en versión corta (EQ-i) y la Escala de Violencia en Relaciones de Noviazgo en Adolescentes (VADRI). Se utilizaron las pruebas Rho de Spearman, U de Mann Whitney y Regresión Lineal. Los resultados señalan asociaciones entre la satisfacción en la relación y los cocientes de inteligencia emocional con diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Los cocientes interpersonal, intrapersonal y manejo del estrés fueron los principales predictores de la satisfacción con la relación en los distintos grupos de estudio. Se concluye la importancia de incluir una educación que promueva la inteligencia emocional en todos aquellos programas destinados a potenciar la satisfacción con las relaciones de pareja, así como para prevenir y tratar la violencia en el noviazgo.

Relationship satisfaction can be affected by situations of violence suffered by both women and men. The present work evaluated the association and predictive capacity of emotional intelligence quotients on relationship satisfaction in young university students with and without dating violence. A total of 224 women and 96 men participated (160 with dating violence and 160 without), who answered the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS), the Short Version Emotional Component Inventory (EQ-i) and the Adolescent Dating Violence Scale (VADRI). The results indicate associations between relationship satisfaction and emotional intelligence quotients with significant differences between the groups. Interpersonal, interpersonal and stress management quotients were the main predictors of relationship satisfaction in the different study groups. We conclude that it is essential to include education that promotes emotional intelligence in all those programmes aimed at enhancing satisfaction in relationships, as well as preventing and treating violence in relationships.

Destructive Conflict Resolution, Acculturation Orientations, and Relationship Satisfaction among Ethnic Groups in the Netherlands / Estrategias de Resolución de Conflictos, Preferencias de Aculturación y Satisfacción de Pareja en los Grupos Étnicos de los Países Bajos

Abstract We aimed at disentangling the role of ethnicity and of acculturation in relation to destructive conflict resolution and relationship satisfaction among 600 individuals of different ethnicity living in the Netherlands. Ethnic group differences were obtained for destructive conflict resolution and similarities appeared for relationship satisfaction after controlling for age, education, and income. As for cultural differences, the Turkish-Moroccan group was higher on destructive conflict management than the ethnic Dutch group. Turkish-Moroccans also indicated that they continue the argument without listening to their partners more than Antillean-Surinamese individuals. As for relationship satisfaction, immigrants with an Indonesian background reported higher relationship satisfaction than Turkish-Moroccans. Regarding gender differences, females scored higher than males in relation to destructive conflict management and relationship satisfaction. Finally, groups were invariant in relation to the negative relationship between destructive conflict resolution and relationship satisfaction. Yet, cultural maintenance was more strongly and positively related to satisfaction among immigrants with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds than with Antillean, Surinamese, and Indonesian origins. Nevertheless, cultural adoption was more strongly and positively related to satisfaction among immigrants with Antillean, Surinamese, and Indonesian origins compared to people with Turkish and Moroccan backgrounds. Cultural maintenance was more salient than cultural adoption in relation to satisfaction.

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en examinar el rol de la etnicidad y la aculturación en relación a la resolución de conflicto destructiva y la satisfacción de la relación en 600 habitantes en los Países Bajos que se identificaban como holandeses nativos, o inmigrantes con orígenes turcos, marroquíes, antillanos, surinamés, o indonesios. Se observaron diferencias entre los grupos étnicos en la resolución de conflicto destructiva, así como semejanzas en la satisfacción de pareja tras controlar por edad, nivel educativo y nivel de ingresos. Con relación a las diferencias manifestadas entre los grupos étnicos, el formado por turcos-marroquíes informó de puntuaciones más elevadas en el manejo del conflicto destructivo (i.e., golpear, empujar, abofetear, dejar la discusión a la pareja, y continuar la discusión sin escuchar a la pareja) que el grupo compuesto por holandeses nativos. El grupo turco-marroquí también indicó continuar la discusión sin escuchar a la pareja en mayor medida que el grupo antillano-surinamés. Con respecto a la satisfacción en la relación, los inmigrantes de origen indonesio informaron sentirse más felices en su relación de pareja en comparación con los inmigrantes de origen turco-marroquí. Por otra parte, también se analizaron las diferencias y similitudes de género, encontrándose que las mujeres puntuaron más alto que los hombres en la resolución del conflicto destructiva (excepto en dejar la discusión a la pareja) y en la satisfacción de pareja (pero en este caso solamente con respecto a la relación con los hijos). Como objetivo final, se analizaron las relaciones, mostrándose los grupos invariantes en conexión a la relación negativa entre resolución del conflicto negativa y satisfacción en la pareja. Con respecto a las orientaciones de aculturación, el mantenimiento de la cultura propia se relacionó de manera positiva y en mayor medida con la satisfacción en la pareja entre inmigrantes de origen turco y marroquí que aquellos con origen antillano, surinamés e indonesio. No obstante, la adopción cultural se relacionó de manera positiva y en mayor medida con la satisfacción de pareja entre inmigrantes de origen antillano, surinamés e indonesio en comparación con aquellos de origen turco y marroquí. El mantenimiento de la cultura de origen fue más relevante que la adopción cultural con respecto a la satisfacción de pareja.

Invarianza por sexo y distribución del Índice de Satisfacción Sexual reducido en una muestra mexicana de rutas aleatorias / Invariance according to sex and distribution of low Sexual Satisfaction Index based on Mexican people random route sample

Resumen Objetivo: El Índice de Satisfacción Sexual de Hudson constituye una medición unidimensional de la satisfacción sexual empleada en investigación y clínica. En México, se ha propuesto una forma reducida a 10 ítems del ISS (ISS-10), que ha servido de base a este estudio para aportar nuevas evidencias de validez cruzada (entre mujeres y hombres) y convergente; describir su distribución y estudiar su relación con seis variables sociodemográficas. Método: Se realizó una investigación instrumental en la que participaron 807 personas casadas o en unión libre de Monterrey, México, a las cuales se les aplicó el ISS-10, la Escala de Valoración de la Relación (RAS), la Escala de Engrandecimiento Marital (MAS) y otras cuatro escalas entre enero y mayo de 2014, mediante un muestreo de rutas aleatorias. Se aplicó análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo. Resultados: El modelo de un factor con 10 indicadores mostró invarianza entre mujeres y hombres, pero las puntuaciones del ISS-10 no siguieron una distribución normal. Además, en la muestra total, la correlación del ISS-10 con la satisfacción con la relación (RAS) fue muy alta (rS = .71) y con el engrandecimiento marital (MAS), alta (rS = .56). La edad, los años de casados o en unión libre y la escolaridad presentaron correlaciones bajas con el ISS-10 (rS de .13 a .27). El sexo y el estado civil fueron independientes del ISS-10. Conclusión: El Índice de Satisfacción Sexual, como una medición unidimensional de la satisfacción sexual reducida a 10 indicadores, presenta evidencias de validez; independientemente de que se aplique a hombre o mujer, y puede ser baremado a partir de puntuaciones de percentil.

Abstract Objective: Hudson's Index of Sexual Satisfaction is a one-dimensional sexual satisfaction measure, used for research and clinical practice. In Mexico, 10 items form (ISS-10) has been proposed. This research aims to provide new evidences related to cross-validity (among women and men) and convergent validity of ISS-10 form, describing distribution, and study and also its relationship with six socio-demographic variables. Method: An instrumental research was performed. ISS-10, Relationship Rating Scale (RAS), Marital Aggrandizement Scale (MAS) and three other scales were applied; 807 married or cohabiting people were randomly sampled from Monterrey, Mexico between January and May 2014. Multi-confirmatory factorial group analysis was applied for data analysis. Results: The factor model has 10 indicators that show invariance among women and men. ISS-10 scores did not follow a normal distribution. In the overall sample, ISS-10 correlated with relationship satisfaction (RAS) was very high (rS = .71), and with the marital aggrandizement (MAS) also was high (rS = .56). Age, years of marriage or cohabitation and years of schooling have low correlation with ISS-10 form (rS from .13 to .27). Sex and marital status were independent based on ISS-10. Conclusion: The Index of Sexual Satisfaction, considered as key-factor to measure sexual satisfaction was reduced to 10 indicators, showing that the validity of evidence, is independent of being male or female, and it can be scaled using percentile scores rank.

Sex differences in the dark triad and the association with relationship satisfaction / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective@#To examine the sex differences in the dark triad and its association with relationship satisfaction.@*Methods@#Totally 490 participants from institutions and corporations were assessed by Mach-Ⅳ, Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and Big Five Inventory (BFI-20). Statistical analysis was performed by correlation analysis, t test and hierarchical regression analysis.@*Results@#The scores of Relationship Assessment and dark triad were shown as follows: relationship assessment (27.63±5.09), Machiavellism (53.52±8.02), psychopathy (38.45±7.52), narcissistic (18.41±7.27). Men scored higher than women in dark triad (tMachiavellism=3.226, tPsychopathy=3.070, tNarcissistic=2.900, all P<0.01). There were significant correlations between machiavellism and psychopathy, and also between psychopathy and narcissistic(r=-0.170-0.572). Linear regression showed that Machiavellism and psychopathy were consistent negatively associated with relationship satisfaction for both men and women (bMachiavellism-men=-0.104, tMachiavellism-men=-2.352, bPsychopathy-men=-0.131, tPsychopathy-men=-2.739, bMachiavellism-women=-0.121, tMachiavellism-women=-2.662; bPsychopathy-women=-0.106, tPsychopathy-women=-2.189, all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in narcissism between male and female.@*Conclusion@#For the dark triad, there are obviously sex differences and its association with relationship satisfaction are partly confirmed.

Análises de Dados Diádicos: Um Exemplo a partir da Pesquisa com Casais / Dyadic Data Analysis: An Example from Couples Research / Análisis Datos Diádicos: Un Ejemplo desde la Investigación con Parejas

Resumo A pesquisa no campo dos fenômenos sociais e psicológicos possui aspectos que são caracterizados pela interdependência de diferentes atores, como o caso das relações de casais. Desta forma, o presente artigo visa apresentar o modelo de análise de dados diádicos a partir de um estudo em contexto de relações amorosas à comunidade científica brasileira. Para tal, um estudo empírico com foco na interação entre aspectos de paixão obsessiva e dimensões de qualidade no relacionamento foi conduzido com 212 casais brasileiros. É dada uma especial ênfase na montagem do banco de dados, que pode ter a estrutura individual, a estrutura diádica ou ainda a estrutura pairwise. Os resultados apresentam um roteiro de orientação dos principais passos da análise diádica, envolvendo também considerações sobre como configurações de paixão e qualidade se relacionam entre parceiros envolvidos em relações amorosas. Embora não se limitando a esta temática, o modelo de análise diádicas é uma importante ferramenta para o estudo dos relacionamentos românticos.

Abstract Research in the field of social and psychological phenomena has aspects that are characterized by interdependence of different actors, such as the case of the relationships of couples. The aim of this article is to present the dyadic data analysis model from a study in the context of loving relationships to Brazilian scientific community. An empirical study, focusing on the interaction between aspects of obsessive passion and quality dimensions in the relationship, was performed with 212 Brazilian couples. A particular emphasis is given to the assembly of the database, which may have the individual structure, the dyadic structure or even the pairwise structure. The results show a step by step guidance of the main stages of dyadic analysis. In additional, we presented considerations about passion and qualityfor both members of relationship. Although not limited to this theme, the dyadic analysis model is an important tool for the study of romantic relationships.

Resumen La investigación en el campo de los fenómenos sociales y psicológicos tiene aspectos que se caracterizan por la interdependencia de los diferentes actores, como el caso de las relaciones de pareja. Por lo tanto, este artículo presenta el modelo de análisis de datos diádicos de un estudio en el contexto de las relaciones amorosas a la comunidad científica brasileña. Para eso, un estudio empírico centrado en la interacción entre los aspectos de la pasión y de calidad en la relación se llevó a cabo con 212 parejas brasileñas. Se da un especial énfasis en el montaje de la base de datos, que puede tener la estructura individual, la estructura diádica o la estructura pairwise. Los resultados presentan un plan de trabajo con los pasos principales de análisis diádico, que implica consideraciones sobre la configuración de la pasión y la calidad se refieren a los individuos involucrados en las relaciones amorosas. Aunque no se limite a esta temática, el modelo de análisis diádico es una importante herramienta para el estudio de las relaciones románticas.

Moderating effects of gender on relationship between love relationship satisfaction and empathy in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the moderating effect of gender between love relationship satisfaction and empathy in college students.Methods:Totally 175 pairs of college couples were enrolled.They were assessed with the Quality of Relationship Index (QRI) and Interpersonal Reactivity Index-C (IRI-C) to evaluate love relationship satisfaction and empathy.IRI-C included 4 dimensions named perspective taking (PT),personal distress (PD),fantasy (FS) and empathetic concern (EC).Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the moderating effects of gender on relationship between love relationship satisfaction and empathy in college students.Results:The scores of QRI and PT were higher in the males than in the females,but the PD scores were lower in the males [(36.6 ±5.9) vs.(35.2 ±6.0),(10.9 ±3.4) vs.(9.9 ± 3.4),(6.0 ±4.1) vs.(8.1 ±4.3),Ps ＜0.01].The QRI scores were the lowest in the students who were in love for less than 3 months (33.1 ±7.1).The PT scores positively predicted the QRI scores (3 =-0.19),the PD scores multiplied by gender negatively predicted the QRI scores (β =-0.17),and the EC scores multiplied by gender positively predicted the QRI scores (β =-0.21).Conclusion:Male students may experience higher love relationship satisfaction than females.The gender plays a moderating role to the influence of empathy on love relationship satisfaction in college students.

Mediating effect of marital attitude on relationship between self-esteen and romantic satisfaction in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the mediating effect of marital attitude on the relation between self-esteem and romantic relationship satisfaction in college students.Methods:Totally 342 college students in love were assessed with the Self-esteem Scale (SES),Marital Attitude Scale (MAS) and Quality of Relationship Index (QRI).The Bootstrap method was used to explore the mediating roles of marital attitude between self-esteem and romantic relationship satisfaction.Results:There were significantly positive correlations among the scores of SES,MAS and QRI (r =022-0.95,Ps ＜ 0.01).Self-esteem could directly predict college students'romantic relationship satisfaction (β =0.45,95 ％ CI:0.27-0.63),and had significant positive predictability to college students romantic relationship satisfaction when the marital attitude was controlled (β =0.17,95％ CI:0.08-0.29).Conclusion:It suggests that marital attitude may have a partial mediating effect between self-esteem and romantic relationship satisfaction in college students.

The impact of oncology nurses' compassion fatigue on doctor-patient relationship satisfaction / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To examine the impact of oncology nurses' compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue on doctor-patient relationship satisfaction.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted by 388 oncology nurses,the questionnaires include Professional Quality of Life Scale and DoctorPatient Relationship Satisfaction Scale.Results The total scores of compassion satisfaction was 34.22±7.19,the total scores of secondary traumatic was 26.32±6.12,the total scores of job burnout was 25.13±6.08,the total scores of doctor-patient relationship satisfaction was 4.24±0.75.Pearson correlation analysis showed that doctor-patient relationship satisfaction score was positively correlated with oncology nurses' compassion satisfaction (r=0.468,P ＜ 0.05),negatioely correlated with nurses' compassion fatigue factor scores (r=-0.182,-0.531).Regression analysis showed that compassion satisfaction,secondary traumatic,job burnout and night shift frequency were influencing factors of doctor-patient relationship satisfaction,which could explain29.2％ of the variance.Conclusions Improvement of the oncology nurses' compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue can improve the doctor-patient relationship satisfaction and the quality of nursing service,and create a harmonious medical environment.

Evidências de validade da Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) em três amostras da população portuguesa / Evidence for the validity of the Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) in three Portuguese samples

A satisfação relacional representa um construto de pertinência reconhecida para a avaliação rela-cional e em estreita conexão com diversas valências da saúde. A Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) é formada por cinco itens e pretende avaliar a satisfação global com o companheiro/a no contexto de uma relação íntima. Foram estudadas as evidências de validade de construto e precisão dos escores desta escala em três amostras da população portuguesa, nomeadamente uma amostra clínica de pessoas com problemas relacionais (N = 56), uma amostra comunitária de pessoas sem estes problemas (N = 95) e uma amostra da comunidade de ambos os géneros (N= 669). A Escala de Avaliação da Satisfação em Áreas da Vida Conjugal foi empregue para investigar a validade convergente do instrumento, a Body Appearance Cognitive Distraction Scale para a validade divergente e, por fim, o estudo da Roc Curve com a amostra clínica e da comunidade para a validade discriminante. Os resultados indicam que a escala apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas para utilização em contexto clínico e de investigação.

Relationship satisfaction represents a well-known, pertinent construct for relationship assessment with strong connection to several health ranges. The Global Measure of Relationship Satisfaction (GMREL) is composed of five items and aims to evaluate the global satisfaction with the partner in an intimate relationship context. The purpose of this study was to observe the psychometric qualities of this scale in three Portuguese samples, namely a clinical sample of individuals with marital problems (N = 56), a normative sample of individuals without these problems (N = 95) and a community sample of both genders (N = 669). The Marital Life Areas Satisfaction Evaluation Scale was used to investigate the instrument's convergent validity; the Body Appearance Cognitive Distraction Scale for the divergent validity, and the Roc Curve study of clinical and community samples was used to assess the discriminant validity. The results show that the instrument presents good psychometric qualities for clinical and investigation purposes.

Evidências de validade da Escala de Avaliação do Relacionamento / Validity evidences the Relationship Assessment Scale

Este estudo, de caráter exploratório e confirmatório, buscou evidências de validade para a Escala de Avaliação do Relacionamento de Hendrick. No primeiro estudo, participaram 201 pessoas de ambos os sexos que coabitavam com seus parceiros na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. A análise fatorial exploratória para componentes principais dos escores da escala extraiu solução inicial com um fator responsável pela explicação de 61% da variância total e com coeficiente alfa de 0,89. No segundo estudo, participaram 538 pessoas envolvidas em diversos tipos de relacionamentos amorosos da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Uma análise fatorial confirmatória (GFI = 0,97, razão CMIN/DF = 3,62) indicou a adequação do modelo. Análises das relações dessa escala com outras medidas de satisfação no relacionamento revelaram correlações estatísticas significativas que variaram de moderadas altas a fortes. Esses resultados evidenciaram a validade fatorial, convergente e consistência interna para escores oriundos de diferentes culturas...

This exploratory and confirmatory study sought evidence for the validity of the Relationship Assessment Scale of Hendrick. A total of 201 people of both sexes that lived with their partners in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, participated in the first study. The exploratory factor analysis for the principal components of the scale scores extracted an initial solution with one factor responsible for explaining 61% of the total variance and a coefficient alpha of 0.89. A total of 538 people involved in different types of affective relationships from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, participated in the second study. The confirmatory factor analysis (GFI = 0.97, CMIN/DF ratio = 3.62) indicated the appropriateness of the model. Analysis of the correlations of this scale with other measures of relationship satisfaction revealed statistically significant correlations, which ranged from high-moderate to high. These findings showed factorial validity, convergent and internal consistency for scores from different cultures...

Respect and Love in Romantic Relationships / Respeto y amor en las relaciones románticas

Respect is conceptualized as one of the fundamental bases of most relationships, particularly close relationships. Respect in close, romantic relationships has been studied only recently (Frei & Shaver, 2002; Hendrick & Hendrick, 2006), and the current paper describes a study designed to build on notions of respect as deeply important in relationships. Some 314 college students participated in the study. Participants read a scenario about a dating couple, John and Linda, who were ostensibly in a psychology experiment during which they rated their respect for each other. John (or Linda) had rated self as having either "extremely high respect" or "moderately low respect" for the partner. Participants were asked to imagine that they were John (or Linda) and then rate the hypothetical partner on love attitudes, relationships satisfaction, commitment, and self-disclosure. Participants also gave their own personal ratings of John (or Linda) on several trait adjectives. The design was a 2 (gender of participant) x 2 (John/Linda) x 2 (high/low respect) factorial experiment. The main effect for respect was significant for 15 of 18 total variables, with an extremely high versus moderately low respected partner garnering more favorable ratings in nearly every case. Respect thus appears to be an important part of the intrinsic meaning of a close, romantic relationship.

El respeto es conceptuado como una de las bases fundamentales de la mayoría de las relaciones, particularmente a las relaciones cercanas. El respeto en las relaciones cercanas o románticas ha sido estudiado solo recientemente (Frei & Shaver, 2002; Hendrick & Hendrick, 2006), y el presente artículo describe un estudio diseñado para construir la noción de respeto en su esencia más profunda en las relaciones. Participaron 314 estudiantes universitarios quienes leían un escenario sobre una relación, John y Linda, quienes aparentemente estaban en un experimento de psicología durante el cual ellos reportaron el respeto que sentían el uno por el otro. John (o Linda) se habían evaluado a sí mismos como poseedores de un "respeto extremadamente alto" o "respeto moderadamente bajo" hacia la pareja. Se pidió a los participantes que imaginaran que ellos eran John (o Linda) y luego calificaran a una pareja hipotética al respecto de actitudes amorosas, satisfacción con la relación, compromiso y auto-divulgación. Los participantes también dieron sus propios puntajes para John (o Linda) en varios adjetivos de rasgo. El diseño factorial fue de 2 (sexo del participante) x 2 (John/Linda) x 2 (respeto alto/bajo). El efecto principal para respeto fue significativo para 15 de las 18 variables, con un respeto extremadamente alto vs. moderadamente bajo hacia la pareja recogiendo puntajes más favorables en casi todos los casos. Respeto parece -entonces-ser una parte importante del significado intrínseco de las relaciones cercanas o románticas.

Factors Associated with Depressive Symptoms of the Married Women - Focused on Family Relationship Satisfaction and Conflict: Coping Method / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to investigate depressive symptoms among married women and to their understand depression through social and interpersonal factors. METHODS: The subjects were consisted of 632 married women who lived in 00 city. They completed the Beck Depression Inventory, Marital Global Distress Scale, Dissatisfaction with Children Scale, and Conflict-coping Method Scale. Descriptive statistics, correlation, chi2-test, ANOVA, step-wise regression, and hierarchical regression were applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: ANOVA analysis showed the differences in education, income, experience of abuse, parent-in-law relationship, marital global distress, dissatisfaction with children, rational coping, emotion/action-expression coping, and avoidant coping among the non-depressive group, mildly depressive group, and depressive group. Step-wise regression showed that the variance of the current depressive symptoms was accounted for by marital global distress, dissatisfaction with children, avoidance coping method, and satisfaction with parent-in-law (total account=36.1%). It was found that the rational coping method and avoidance coping method significantly mediated the relationship between the satisfaction with family relation and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic interventions for the married women experiencing depressive symptoms showed include their marital relationship. Based on the finding that the conflict coping methods mediated the association between the depressive symptoms and the family relation satisfaction, the effective conflict coping skills or social problem solving skills should be included in the interventions for married women.